The American sociologist W.E.B Du Bois wrote “the problem of the twentieth century [was] the problem of the color line” referring to the racial inequity and relations among people of different ethno-national backgrounds (Du Bois, 2008, p. 15). After more than a century of global wars, revolutions, and national social movements, the colour line remains visible in many parts of the world through perpetual ethnic and racial inequities, systemic racism, and racial hatred.

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